Q. How do I reference and cite a live person?
Answer
To see an example of citing an interview visit the APA Help guide.
- Click on References and In-text Citation Examples
- Click on Other
- Click on Personal Communication (which includes interviews and e-mail)
Personal Communication
Show only in-text. Format:
First & Middle initials Last name (personal communication, Month Day, year).
DO NOT INCLUDE IN REFERENCES.
Example: According to K.A. West (personal communication, August 3, 2016) ...
APA citation style has the following to say about citing personal communication:
"Personal communications may be letters, memos, some electronic communications, telephone conversations, and the like. Because they do not provide recoverable data, personal communications are not included on the reference list. Cite personal communications in text only. Give the initials as well as the surname of the communicator, and provide as exact a date as possible."
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